Robert Bernard Altman, born on February 20, 1925, in Kansas City, Missouri, was a trailblazing American film director, screenwriter, and producer whose innovative storytelling and distinctive style have left a lasting legacy in the world of cinema. Over a career spanning more than five decades, Altman became known for his groundbreaking work, creating a unique narrative style that challenged conventional filmmaking techniques. This article delves into his life, his rise to fame, and the highlights of his illustrious career.
Early Life and Education
Robert Altman was born into a well-to-do family in Kansas City. He received his education at a Jesuit school, which instilled in him a disciplined approach to life. At the age of 18, during World War II, Altman enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces and served as a pilot, participating in over 50 bombing missions. After the war, he attended the University of Missouri, where he studied engineering. However, Altman’s creative inclinations soon took over, leading him to a career in writing and filmmaking.
Early Career and First Forays into Filmmaking
After his stint in the military, Altman began writing for radio and making industrial films and documentaries for the Calvin Company in Kansas City. This period was crucial in developing his filmmaking skills and understanding the nuances of visual storytelling. In 1953, Altman directed and produced his first feature film, “The Delinquents,” a low-budget project that gained modest attention and showcased his potential as a filmmaker.
Breaking into Hollywood
The late 1950s and early 1960s saw Altman working on various television series, including “Alfred Hitchcock Presents” and “Bonanza.” Despite his growing reputation, Altman’s refusal to adhere strictly to network directives and his insistence on incorporating political and anti-militaristic themes often led to conflicts, resulting in him being dismissed from several projects. However, these experiences only strengthened his resolve to create films on his terms.
Founding Lion’s Gate Films
In 1967, despite facing financial difficulties due to gambling debts, Altman founded his production company, Lion’s Gate Films. This venture allowed him to maintain creative control over his projects. The breakthrough came in 1970 with the release of “MAS*H,” a satirical war comedy that became a critical and commercial success. The film won the Palme d’Or at the Cannes Film Festival and received six Academy Award nominations, establishing Altman as a significant voice in American cinema.
The 1970s: A Decade of Innovation
The 1970s were a prolific period for Altman, marked by a series of innovative and influential films. His unique narrative style, characterized by overlapping dialogue, large ensemble casts, and a focus on character-driven stories, set him apart from his contemporaries.
Notable Films of the 1970s
- “McCabe & Mrs. Miller” (1971): A revisionist Western starring Warren Beatty and Julie Christie, this film deconstructed traditional Western tropes, presenting a more nuanced and realistic portrayal of the American frontier.
- “The Long Goodbye” (1973): A modern take on Raymond Chandler’s detective novel, featuring Elliott Gould as a disillusioned Philip Marlowe navigating a morally ambiguous Los Angeles.
- “Nashville” (1975): One of Altman’s most acclaimed works, this film interwove multiple storylines set against the backdrop of the country music scene in Nashville, Tennessee. It earned five Academy Award nominations and remains a landmark in ensemble storytelling.
- “Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull’s History Lesson” (1976): This film continued Altman’s critique of American myths, portraying Buffalo Bill as a buffoonish figure rather than a heroic icon.
The 1980s: Experimentation and Challenges
The 1980s were a period of experimentation for Altman, but also one of financial struggles and critical setbacks. Despite these challenges, he continued to push the boundaries of conventional cinema.
Key Projects of the 1980s
- “Popeye” (1980): A live-action musical adaptation of the comic strip, starring Robin Williams and Shelley Duvall. Despite mixed reviews, the film has gained a cult following over the years.
- “Come Back to the 5 & Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean” (1982): A play adaptation focusing on a reunion of James Dean fan club members, showcasing Altman’s ability to create intimate character studies.
- “Streamers” (1983): A powerful adaptation of David Rabe’s play about the Vietnam War, which won the cast the Best Actor award at the Venice Film Festival.
- “Vincent & Theo” (1990): A biographical drama about Vincent van Gogh and his brother Theo, highlighting Altman’s skill in crafting deeply personal and visually striking films.
The 1990s: A Resurgence
The 1990s marked a significant resurgence in Altman’s career, as he returned to prominence with a series of critically acclaimed films that reaffirmed his status as a master filmmaker.
Renaissance in the 1990s
- “The Player” (1992): A satirical look at Hollywood, featuring Tim Robbins as a studio executive who becomes embroiled in a murder mystery. The film received multiple awards, including the Best Director Award at Cannes.
- “Short Cuts” (1993): An ambitious adaptation of Raymond Carver’s short stories, weaving together multiple narratives to paint a complex portrait of life in Los Angeles. The film won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival.
- “Gosford Park” (2001): A murder mystery set in an English country house, featuring an ensemble cast including Maggie Smith, Helen Mirren, and Clive Owen. The film received seven Academy Award nominations, winning for Best Original Screenplay.
Later Years and Legacy
In his later years, Altman continued to explore new genres and themes, maintaining his reputation as a maverick director. His final films included “The Company” (2003), a look at the world of ballet, and “A Prairie Home Companion” (2006), a comedy-drama based on the radio show of the same name.
Recognition and Honors
Altman’s contributions to cinema were widely recognized, earning him numerous awards and honors throughout his career. In 1996, he received the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement at the Venice Film Festival, and in 2006, he was awarded an honorary Oscar for his body of work. During his acceptance speech, he revealed that he had undergone a heart transplant a decade earlier, underscoring his resilience and dedication to filmmaking.
Conclusion
Robert Altman’s career was marked by a relentless pursuit of innovation and a refusal to conform to Hollywood conventions. His films, characterized by their intricate narratives, complex characters, and incisive social commentary, have left an indelible impact on the world of cinema. Altman’s legacy continues to inspire filmmakers and audiences alike, reminding us of the power of storytelling and the importance of challenging the status quo.
